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  11C Raclopride
  Raclopride (S-(–)-3,5-dichloro-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)]methyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamide) is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that was originally radio labeled with 11C (11C-Raclopride) for PET in 1985 and is suitable for imaging dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum. Since that time, 11C-Raclopride has become one of the most widely used neuro receptor imaging agents in PET. 11C-Raclopride has been shown to be sensitive to competition from endogenous dopamine, making it suitable for study of the effects of pharmacologic challenges on D2 parameters as well as those of behavioural tasks designed to elicit the release of dopamine. 11C-Raclopride has been used extensively in a wide range of research studies involving human subjects in which striatal D2 tone is of interest—for example, in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and substance abuse.  
   
  Some Applications of [11C] Raclopride
 
S.No Applications Resource
1 Upregulation of Putaminal Dopamine D2 Receptors in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Comparative PET Study with [11C]Raclopride and [11C]N-Methylspiperone Valtteri Kaasinen, et al. J Nucl Med. 2000, 41, 65.
2 Levodopa-induced changesin synaptic dopamine in patients with Parkinson's disease as measured by [11C]raclopride displacement and PET Tedroff J, et al. Neurology. 1996, 46, 1430.
3 Long-term changes of striatal dopamine D2 receptors in patients with Parkinson's disease: a study with positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride Antonini A, et al. Mov Disord 1997b, 12, 33.
4 Stress-induced dopamine release in humans at risk of psychosis: a [11C]raclopride PET study Soliman A, et al. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008, 33, 2033.
5 Heterogeneous effects of alcohol on dopamine release in the striatum: a PET study Yoder KK, et al. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007, 31, 965.
6 Smoking modulation of mu-opioid and dopamine D2 receptor-mediated neurotransmission in humans Scott DJ, et al. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007, 32, 450.
7 Elevated putamen D(2) receptor binding potential in major depression with motor retardation: an [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography study Meyer JH, et al. Am J Psychiatry, 2006, 163, 1594.
 
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