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Singapore Radiopharmaceuticals
01-15/16 The Gemini, Science Park II
41 Science park Road
Singapore 117610
Tel: (+65) 6594 0660
Fax: (+65) 6777 0663
| For Physicians and Scientists | ||
| Production of Advance Radiopharmaceuticals | ||
| SRP will produce a variety of PET radiopharmaceuticals (18F, 11C, 13N, 68Ga, etc), second generation SPECT radiopharmaceuticals (99mTc, 131I, 123I, 111In, etc), and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals (90Y, 131I, 186/188Re, 177Lu, 32P, etc) for clinical applications and clinical trials. Main focuses will be on oncology, cardiology, neurology, infection and neuropsychiatry. | ||
| 2-[18F]-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG) | ||
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Although the number of molecular probes that
can be radiolabeled with positron emitters is extremely
large, clinical practice has been limited principally to the
use of a glucose analog labeled with the positron emitter
18F-FDG.
18F-FDG
was first synthesized in 1978 and has become the
most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for PET studies of
cancer and also for the study of normal functions and
diseases of the brain and heart. In March 2000, the Food and
Drug Administration approved the use of 18F-FDG
to assist in the evaluation of malignancy in patients with
known or suspected abnormalities found by other testing
methods or in patients with an existing diagnosis of cancer.
Cancer cells exhibit an increased rate of glycolysis and 18F-FDG PET is able to assess a fundamental alteration in the cellular metabolism of glucose that is common to all neoplasms. Increased cellular glucose uptake is one of the key alterations associated with the high glycolytic rate of cancer cells. There are some inherent limitations of 18F-FDG PET that can result in false-negative and false-positive findings. False-positive findings are most commonly associated with uptake of 18F-FDG in infectious or inflammatory tissue. Negative scan findings cannot exclude the presence of a small tumor or microscopic tissue involvement, and precise anatomic localization of the signal can be difficult in certain anatomic regions (e.g., the head and neck). Tumors with a low metabolic rate (e.g., bronchoalveolar carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma) may show minimal uptake of and certain tumors are known to have poor avidity for 18F-FDG (prostate carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer). 18F-FDG PET is also generally considered to not be useful in the assessment of possible cerebral metastases from known primary neoplasms. High levels of 18F-FDG are normally present in the cerebral cortex and substantially limit the utility of 18F-FDG PET in this application. For this reason, most clinical examinations are of the patient's torso and include the area from the base of the brain to the mid thigh. |
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